Brick-kiln



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C. KRAHE.

BRICK KILN.

Patented May 8, 1894.

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Patented May 8, 1894.

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No. 519,677. Patented Maya, 1894.

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'UNITED STATES PATENT GREECE.

CARL KRAHE, OE ROssvILLE, NEW YORK, AssieNOR To THE CERAMIC :PAVING STONE COMPANY, OE NEW YORK.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 519,677, dated May 8, 1894.

Application filed June 12, 1893- Serial No. 477,272. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, CARL KRAHE, a citizen of the Empire of Germany, residing in Rossville, in the county of Richmond and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brick-Kilns, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of kilns for burning building ebricks, pavement-blocks, firebricks, ornamentally-shaped blocks, ooringslabs, conduits, troughs and artificial stoneware generally, to which, by the burning in the kiln, the following'characteristics are imparted: a well-vitrified body, a closely-grained texture, great durability and hardness, resistance to the absorption of moisture and the possession of a clear ringing sound when struck. t l

My invention consists of certain features of construction and combinations of parts to be hereinafter described and then specified in the claims. p

, In the accompanying drawings, Figure l represents a front elevation of my improved kiln for burning stoneware. Fig. 2 is avertical longitudinal section on line 2 2, Fig. 4. Fig. 3 is a plan-view, partly in horizontal section on line 3 3', Fig. l. Fig. 4, is a horizontal section on line 4 4, Fig. 2, and Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section of the kiln, on line 5 5, Fig. 4c.

Similar letters of reference indicate correat opposite sides of the kilns with lire-doors.V through which the fuel is supplied to the grates of the fireplaces, two ladjacent lireplaces having one common fire-bridge'l b between them. The air is drawn in through the ash-pit and ashpit doors in the usual the drawings, A', A2, A8, 85o.,

manner, it being heated in the ash-pit by contact with the heated walls of the fire-places.

In the interior of each kilnAare arranged near the tire-places B, transverse partitionwalls C, which are provided with a number of openings above the lire-bridges b. These partition walls C serve to some extent for intercepting any coarse particles of fuel which are carried along by the lire-gases, but mainly for deflecting the greater portion of the products of combustion .toward the arched top.

of the kiln, from which they are then conducted in a downward direction over and around the stone-ware to be burned in the kiln, the gases being drawn olf through slot-v ted openings a in the floor or bottom of the kiln and through `transverse channels a below the floor into a main-flue D that extends longitudinally below the bottom of the kiln, .as shown at the left of Fig. 2 and at the right of Fig. 5. The main-due D of the kiln is connected by a transverse flue D with a 1ongitudinal iiue D2, which vcommunicates with a central smoke-stack S, as shown clearly in Fig. 4f. The transverse and longitudinal fines D and D2 are provided respectively with damp-ers d d2 by which the connection of any one kiln with the smoke-stack may be established or interrupted. The transverse partition-walls C are extended nearly to the arched top of the kiln, and preferably arched at their upper ends, the combustion-chamber proper being formed in the space between the transverse partition-walls in each kiln. From the center of the arched top of each combustionchamber extend vertical openings e e, which are closed by suitable covers, that are removed whenever it is necessary to permit the heat to pass off into the atmosphere for cool-v ing 0E the kiln. Y

Each combustion-charnber has a central vertical top-flue d which is provided with a horizontal damper dx and which is connected with an auxiliary flue E which extends 1ongitudinally over each group of kilns said longitudinal auxiliary tlues E being connected at their ends by transverse flues E that extend from the end-kilns of one group to the c end-kilns of the other group, as shown clearly in Fig. 3 and 5, the transverse fines E being preferably supported by suitable wroughtiron girders as shown in Fig. 5, or by arches, pillars or otherwise. The auxiliary tiues E, E', are provided at each side of the top-flue d of each combustion-chamber with sliding dampers c and e2, so that any combustionchamber of one group may be connected with any other combustion-chamber of the same or the adjacent group, by simply placing the dampers of the draft-dues D D D2 and the dam pers of the top-fines cl and auxiliary-fines E E in proper positions.

When the articles in one kiln are burned, 'the products of combustion are drawn from the fire-places of the saine through the openings in the transverse partition-walls and over the same into the combustion-chamber and conducted in a downward direction through the openings a in the iloor and the lateral channels a below the floor into the longitudinal main-flue D, and from the saine by the lateral flue D and longitudinal connectingflue D2 to the chimney S. Whenever any one of the other kilns is supplied with a new charge which has to be dried preparatory to burning, the dampers of the lues D D D2 of the kiln are closed and the products of combustion are drawn through the top-flue d and the auxiliary iiue E or E into the newly-charged kiln, in which they are drawn in downward direction and over and around the articles in the same, so that the articles are subjected to a preparatory heating before they are subjected to the final burning. By this arrangement, the heat contained in the products of combustion drawn from anyone kiln can be utilized for the preparatory heating of the articles in any other kiln of either group, as by the arrangementof the dampers in the main and counecting lues and in the top and auxiliary ues any suitable" connection can be made. I-Ieretofore, in kilns of this class, the preparatory heating was accomplished by conducting the products of combustion from the bottom of the kiln toward the top, while in my improved kiln the preparatory heating is accomplished by conducting the products of combustion from the top-fine in a downward direction to and through the bottom of the kiln. `By the arrangement of the auxiliary flue, not only adjacent kilns may be connected, but any two kilns in the same group or in different groups, which is of considerable advantage, as thereby any desired kiln can be charged with the articles to be burned, and subjected to preparatory heating by the heat of the products of combustion from any other kiln in which the final burning is completed or nearly so. Another advantage of subjecting the newly-charged articles in the kiln to the heat of. the products of combustion that are conducted from the top in a downward direction through the saine, consists in the facts that the injurious influence of the aqueous vapors which were heretofore collected in the upper part of the kiln is entirely prevented.

By arranging the auxiliary tlue, on the top one kiln after the other be charged with l bricks, and a regular succession in the burning of any kind and quality of bricks be kept up, but any kiln may be charged with the ware to be burned and connected with any other kiln in which the final burning has taken place so that the preparatory and final burning of different wares may be accomplished with great facility and comparative freedom of succession.

For the `purpose of increasing the heat of the fire-gases and producing a more perfect combustion of` the fuel burned in, the fireplaces, a closed water-receptacle F is arranged on each group of kilns, said waterreceptacle being preferably made of boileriron and provided with suitable safety-valves, pressuregages and other accessories. Of the water-receptacles that one which is located above or near the kiln in which the final burning takes place, is partly filled with water-whichis evaporated by the heat of the kiln, the steam in the same being conducted by a transverse connecting pipe f into the second receptacle F of the other group of kilns and conducted from the same by distributing steam-pipes f f2 to the diferent tire-places. The pipes f2 are conducted through the side-walls of the fire-places and the steam discharged through nozzles f3 into the fire-places above the Iire-bridges b, as shown clearly on the left-hand side of Fig. 5. The steam mingles with the re'gases and is dissociated by the heat of the same into oxygen and hydrogen, so that not only a more perfect combustion of the tire-gases and a more intense heat is produced, but also the carrying along of unburned coal-particles in the kiln by the products of combustion and the injuring of the articles in the kiln by means of said particles, is prevented. The steam supply-pipes are provided with suitable stop-cocks, so that the steam can be supplied to the different fireplaces as required.

As all the steampipes are on the outside of the kilns, they are readily accessible, so that leaks or other damage to the same can be readily repaired.

The side walls of the kiln are provided with suitable peep-ho1es, by which the progress of the burning operation in the kiln can be readily observed from the outside.

By my improved kiln a considerable saving of fuel is obtained, owing to the perfect combustion of the fuel in the fire-places by the supply of steam to the same. Secondly,

the heat of the kilns is utilized for the preparatory heating and drying of the unburned articles charged into any one of the kilns in IOO IIO

a group. Thirdly, the heat is uniformly distributed in the combustion-chamber of the kiln, owing to the arrangement of the large number of small bottom-openings and the larger transverse channels below the same. Fourthly, the kiln is of comparatively simple construction, as by the arrangement of the auxiliary top-flue the costof erecting the kiln is considerably reduced.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. In a kiln for burning stoneware, the combination, of a combustion-chamber having a fireplace arranged at each corner ofthe same, a transverse partition-wall adjacent to said lireplaces, a closed Water-receptacle on the top of the kiln, and steam-pipes connecting the steam space of said receptacle with the fireplaces, substantially as setforth.

2. The combination, with a number of kilns arrangedin one or more groups, each kiln being provided with fireplaces at the cornersrot` the same and with transverse partition-walls adjacent to said fireplaces, of close'd waterreceptacles supported on top of the kilns, a pipe connecting the steam space of one receptacle with the other, and steam supplypipes leading from the connecting steampipe to the different vfireplaces, so as to supply steam to the same, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CARL KRAHE.

Witn esses:

PAUL GOEPEL, CHARLES SCHROEDER. 

